Ozempic (semaglutide) has gained widespread attention for its effectiveness in managing type 2 diabetes and aiding weight loss. With its proven benefits for controlling blood sugar levels and promoting significant weight reduction, many people rely on it as part of their daily health regimen. However, for those planning to conceive or already pregnant, questions naturally arise: Is Ozempic safe during pregnancy? What are the potential risks, and are there alternatives?
In this blog, we’ll explore the current understanding of Ozempic and its use during pregnancy, including what experts recommend and key considerations for those planning to start a family.
What is Ozempic?
Ozempic is a once-weekly injectable medication containing semaglutide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist. It works by:
- Stimulating insulin production in response to meals
- Reducing glucose production by the liver
- Slowing the emptying of food from the stomach
- Reducing appetite
While Ozempic is primarily prescribed for type 2 diabetes management, its side effect of weight loss has led to its off-label use by people seeking weight reduction.
Can You Take Ozempic While Pregnant?
As of now, Ozempic is not recommended during pregnancy. The FDA has classified semaglutide as a Category C drug for pregnancy, which means animal studies have shown adverse effects on the fetus, but there are no well-controlled studies in pregnant women. Because of the potential risks, it’s important to discuss any use of Ozempic with your healthcare provider if you are pregnant or planning to become pregnant.
What the Research Says:
In animal studies, the use of semaglutide was associated with increased risks of fetal malformations, miscarriage, and developmental issues. These studies were conducted in rats and rabbits, showing a range of negative effects on fetal development, especially at higher doses. Though no equivalent large-scale human studies have been conducted, the results from animal research suggest that the risk of potential harm to the baby is significant enough to avoid its use during pregnancy.
Risks of Taking Ozempic During Pregnancy
The main concern surrounding the use of Ozempic during pregnancy is its potential to affect fetal development. Key risks include:
- Birth Defects: Animal studies have shown an increased risk of congenital malformations when semaglutide was administered during pregnancy.
- Miscarriage: Higher rates of pregnancy loss were observed in animal studies involving semaglutide use.
- Fetal Growth Issues: Due to its effects on blood sugar and metabolism, there is concern that semaglutide could impair proper fetal growth and development.
Given these risks, healthcare providers advise discontinuing Ozempic at least two months before attempting to conceive. This allows the drug to be fully cleared from your system before pregnancy.
Managing Type 2 Diabetes During Pregnancy
Proper management of type 2 diabetes is crucial during pregnancy to avoid complications for both the mother and the baby, such as gestational diabetes, preeclampsia, premature birth, and large birth weight. For women with diabetes who are pregnant or planning to become pregnant, the goal is to maintain optimal blood sugar control without posing risks to the developing fetus.
Alternatives to Ozempic for Diabetes Management During Pregnancy:
- Insulin: Insulin therapy is the gold standard for diabetes management during pregnancy. Unlike Ozempic, insulin does not cross the placenta and has been used safely in pregnant women for decades. Your doctor may recommend adjusting your insulin dosage to maintain tight blood sugar control.
- Metformin: Though primarily used to treat type 2 diabetes, metformin is sometimes prescribed during pregnancy. It is considered relatively safe and may be recommended if insulin therapy is insufficient.
- Diet and Lifestyle Adjustments: A balanced diet and regular physical activity are foundational for managing blood glucose during pregnancy. Working closely with a healthcare provider to tailor your meal plan and exercise routine can help control blood sugar levels naturally.
Can You Get Pregnant While on Ozempic?
While Ozempic is not recommended during pregnancy, it doesn’t directly interfere with fertility. However, its effect on weight loss and hormone regulation could have indirect impacts on fertility, especially in women with conditions like polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) where weight loss might improve ovulation and chances of conception.
If you’re trying to conceive, it’s important to plan in advance. Since Ozempic stays in your system for a prolonged period, you should discontinue its use at least two months before conception to avoid any residual effects during the early stages of pregnancy.
Breastfeeding and Ozempic
Breastfeeding mothers should also avoid Ozempic. While it is not known whether semaglutide is excreted in human breast milk, animal studies have shown that it can be present in milk and may affect the infant’s development. Due to this uncertainty, healthcare providers typically recommend discontinuing Ozempic while breastfeeding.
Planning for Pregnancy on Ozempic: Key Steps
If you are using Ozempic and planning to get pregnant, here’s a guide on what to do:
- Consult Your Healthcare Provider: Inform your doctor about your plans to conceive so that they can help transition you off Ozempic safely.
- Discontinue Ozempic 2 Months Before Trying: Since the drug stays in the body for weeks, it’s important to stop using it well before conception.
- Explore Alternative Diabetes Treatments: Work with your doctor to find an alternative medication, such as insulin or metformin, to manage your blood sugar levels during pregnancy.
- Focus on Diet and Lifestyle: Managing your weight, blood sugar, and overall health through a balanced diet and regular exercise is key to preparing for a healthy pregnancy.
- Regular Monitoring: Whether you’re diabetic or using medication for weight loss, pregnancy requires close monitoring of blood sugar levels to ensure the best outcomes for both mother and baby.
Conclusion
While Ozempic is an effective treatment for type 2 diabetes and weight loss, it is not safe to use during pregnancy due to potential risks to fetal development. If you are planning to get pregnant or are already expecting, consult with your healthcare provider about discontinuing Ozempic and switching to safer alternatives for managing your blood sugar. Proper planning and care can ensure a healthy pregnancy for both you and your baby.
